神經(jīng)影像學(xué)研究的證據(jù)表明,重度抑郁癥患者的自殺意念與多個大腦區(qū)域的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能異常相關(guān)[1-2],尤其是執(zhí)行功能障礙。而前額葉背外側(cè)皮質(zhì)(DLPFC)與情緒癥狀之間存在很強的關(guān)聯(lián),但DLPFC功能是否可以成為有自殺意念抑郁癥的生物標志物尚無定論[3]。
近紅外腦功能成像技術(shù)(fNIRS)可以利用650-1000nm之間的光源,穿透有機組織并被血紅蛋白吸收,通過神經(jīng)血管耦合機制反映腦功能變化。一方面,它相對便宜、便攜、易于開展,并且可以提供與功能性磁共振(fMRI)相當(dāng)?shù)臅r間分辨率,且能適用于多種自然環(huán)境[4-6]。
研究表明,自傳體記憶功能障礙是情感障礙的標志,可能是抑郁癥患者存在過度負面情緒的主要原因,它可以推動和預(yù)測抑郁癥的發(fā)作和維持,而改善該功能可以緩解抑郁癥狀[7]。
因此,華中科技大學(xué)張妍教授團隊聯(lián)合江漢大學(xué)在《Journal of Affective Disorders》(IF=6.533)雜志上發(fā)表了一篇研究[8],該研究利用fNIRS探索在情緒自傳體記憶測試時患者DLPFC的血流動力學(xué)變化,這些受試者為有/無自殺意念的年輕抑郁癥患者。
用情感圖片作為線索,勾起受試者對過去某些特定情節(jié)的記憶等,以喚起受試者的情緒。試驗范式如下:
采用武漢資聯(lián)虹康生產(chǎn)的BS-7000設(shè)備,16個發(fā)射光源和16個接收探頭,共53通道,通道排布如下:
表1 p值來自 χ2檢驗和單因素方差分析, "a"代表單因素方差分析, "b"代表χ2檢驗
圖3 (A)在EAMT期間,健康對照組與無自殺意念抑郁組在負面情緒下HbO水平的變化。
(B)健康對照組和無自殺意念抑郁組負情緒下左DLPFC平均HbO分布的直方圖。*:p<0.05
圖4 (A)在EAMT期間,健康對照組與無自殺意念抑郁組在負面情緒下HbO水平的變化。
(B)健康對照組和自殺意念抑郁組正性情緒下右DLPFC平均HbO分布的直方圖。*:p<0.05
五、結(jié)論
1、有自殺意念的抑郁癥個體在右側(cè)DLPFC的執(zhí)行功能方面存在一定的缺陷[1]Du, L., Zeng, J., Liu, H., Tang, D., Meng, H., Li, Y., Fu, Y., 2017. Fronto-limbic disconnection in depressed patients with suicidal ideation: a resting-state functional connectivity study. [J]. Affect. Disord. 215, 213-217
[2]Minzenberg, M.J., Lesh, T.A., Niendam, T.A., Cheng, Y., Carter, C.S., 2016. Conflictrelated anterior cingulate functional connectivity is associated with past suicidal ideation and behavior in recent-onset psychotic major mood disorders.[J]. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 28 (4), 299-305.
[3]Y.Q. Lee, G.W.N. Tay, C.S.H. Ho.Clinical utility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy for assessment and prediction of suicidality: a systematic review.[J]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12 (2021),716276.
[4]Ho, C.S.H., Lim, L.J.H., Lim, A.Q., Chan, N.H.C., Tan, R.S., Lee, S.H., Ho, R.C.M., 2020. Diagnostic and predictive applications of functional near-infrared spectroscopy for major depressive disorder: a systematic review. [J].Frontiers in Psychiatry 11, 378.
[5]Scholkmann, F., Kleiser, S., Metz, A.J., Zimmermann, R., Mata Pavia, J., Wolf, U., Wolf, M., 2014. A review on continuous wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging instrumentation and methodology. NeuroImage 85 (Pt 1), 6–27.
[6]Chenghua Gu et al. Caveolae in CNS arterioles mediate neurovascular coupling Brian. Nature. 2020.[7]Sumner, J.A., Mineka, S., Adam, E.K., Craske, M.G., Vrshek-Schallhorn, S., WolitzkyTaylor, K., Zinbarg, R.E., 2014. Testing the CaR-FA-X model: investigating the mechanisms underlying reduced autobiographical memory specificity in individuals with and without a history of depression. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 123 (3), 471–486.
[8]Zheng M, Da H, Pan X, et al. Dorsolateral prefrontal activation in depressed young adults with and without suicidal ideation during an emotional autobiographical memory task: A fNIRS study.[J] J Affect Disord. 2023;326:216-224.